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Understanding and summarising texts

The Reciprocal Teaching method in primary schools

Product: Book

Trim size in cm: 21x29,7

Pages: 237 + poster

ISBN: 978-88-590-1627-4

Publication date: 01/09/2018

Suitable for: Primary 2nd level (ages 8-10)


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Comprehension is an essential competence needed for reading and studying texts. The Reciprocal Teaching (RT) method was created to teach pupils to reason over a text and to identify the main pieces of information it contains. Pupils, working in pairs or in small groups, learn to identify the essential contents of the text using four techniques: predicting, forecasting; questioning, coming up with questions; clarifying, explaining difficult words and concepts; and summarising, rewriting in a shorter version using other words. The book is aimed at pupils in their fourth and fifth year of primary school, who, with the teacher as a guide and each other’s help, will learn to work on different kinds of texts, automatising the skills needed for studying any subject. The book is divided into two parts: the theory, which describes how Reciprocal Teaching works and the four techniques, and the practical material, which enables teachers to set up an authentic text comprehension workshop.

It includes:

  • 3 guided texts to help students in the first phase of applying the method;
  • 42 level one texts and 34 level two texts, accompanied with hypotheses, examples and tips in order to understand how to proceed with and correct one’s own work;
  • 4 entry tests and 4 exit tests in order to assess the progress made with the Reciprocal Teaching method;
  • 2 photocopiable bookmarks for memorising the four techniques and strategies for understanding difficult words;
  • 4 photocopiable playing cards


Introduction by Antonio Calvani

FIRST PART – The Reciprocal Teaching for understanding and summarizing texts

CH. 1 What is Reciprocal Teaching and how does it work?

CH. 2 The four strategies of Reciprocal Teaching
1. Predict
2. Question
3. Clarify
− Understand the meaning of new words
− Reconstruct the logical relationships between concepts and events
− Reason about the text: inferences
4. Summarize
− Reducing the number of words with the specialized techniques
− Synthesizing using a global approach
− Summary formats

CH. 3 How to teach the Reciprocal Teaching method
• An example of “modelling”
• A more complex example
• A work sheet
CH. 4 Organizing class work
• Correcting a summary
• Evaluating a summary
• Frequently asked questions

SECOND PART – Work materials for the workshops on the texts
Guided work texts (3 worksheets)
Level one texts (42 worksheets)
Level two texts (34 worksheets)
Entrance test (4 worksheets)
Final test (4 worksheets)

APPENDIX
Bookmark with the four Reciprocal Teaching strategies
Bookmark with strategies for understanding difficult words and ideas
Playing cards of the four strategies